The function of lubricating oil
Lubricating oil is a liquid lubricant used in various types of machinery to reduce friction and protect both the machinery and its components. Its primary functions include lubrication, cooling, rust prevention, cleaning, sealing, and shock absorption. Lubricating oil accounts for 85% of all lubricants, with an extensive variety of grades and types; global annual consumption currently stands at approximately 38 million tons. The general requirements for lubricating oils are:
(1) Reduce friction and wear, lower frictional resistance to conserve energy, minimize wear to extend machinery life, and enhance economic efficiency.
(2) Cooling: It is required to continuously dissipate frictional heat from the machine.
(3) Sealing: requirements include leak prevention, dust protection, and prevention of gas cross‑contamination.
(4) Corrosion and rust resistance, requiring that the friction surfaces be protected from oil degradation and external corrosive agents;
(5) Clean rinsing: the scale on the friction surfaces must be thoroughly removed.
(6) Stress dispersion and buffering, dispersing loads, mitigating impacts, and providing shock absorption;
(7) Kinetic energy transmission, hydraulic systems, remote‑controlled motors, and friction‑type continuously variable transmissions, among others.
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